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? [music] ?

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KIDS: Our World!

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EVAN: You know Globey, here on
Earth we have 3 basic

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types of rocks: Igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic
rocks.

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Scientists classify the rocks
by the way they were made.

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Igneous rocks are formed when
lava from a volcano cools and
hardens.

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Igneous rocks are also formed
when magma cools below Earth's
surface.

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Sedimentary rocks are formed
when the elements wear rocks

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down into tiny particles of
dust, sand, and soil.

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Wind and water help move these
particles around

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and deposits them into layers.

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As time passes, these layers
are cemented together and
harden into new rocks.

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Metamorphic rocks form when
sedimentary or igneous rocks

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change after being exposed to
extreme heat or pressure
without melting.

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As conditions on Earth change,
rocks may change from one type
to another.

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Sedimentary rocks can change
into metamorphic rocks or,

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if they melt, into igneous
rocks.

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Igneous rocks can change into
sedimentary or metamorphic
rocks.

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And metamorphic rocks can
change into sedimentary or
igneous rocks.

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Scientists call these changes
the rock cycle.

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But NASA scientists want to
study rocks from other places,

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like the moon and Mars as well.

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They want to see if other rocks
are like the rocks found here
on Earth.

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By studying rocks from the moon
or Mars, scientists can

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learn a lot about how the land
was formed and how it

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has changed over time - the
history of the rocks.

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They can tell how the geologic
history of another

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planet compares to the geologic
history of Earth.

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During the Apollo missions to
the moon 40 years ago,

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astronauts brought back dozens
of rock samples from the moon’s
surface.

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Today scientists from all over
the world have a chance to
study these lunar rocks.

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And by studying the rocks,
scientists have discovered

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that the rocks on the moon can
be classified into 3 basic
types, too.

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The first is lunar basalt. This
type of moon rock is

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similar to volcanic lava found
on earth.

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It starts on the moon in a lava
state and then cools to form a
hard rock.

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The second type of moon rock is
called anorthosite which

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forms from the cooling of a
large ocean of magma shortly
after the Moon was formed.

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Lunar breccia is the third type
of rock.

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Light areas of the breccias are
either pieces of

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anorthosite or unmelted rock.

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The dark areas are either
basalt or melted rocks

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from meteoroids hitting the
surface

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Thanks to the lunar samples
brought back by NASA
astronauts,

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scientists finally know what
the moon is made of.

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[Globey sfx]
No Globey...it’s NOT CHEESE!

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But scientists aren’t the only
ones who get to view the
lunar samples.

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The Lunar Sample Laboratory
Facility at NASA’s

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Johnson Space Center also lends
moon rocks out to

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educators and museums around
the world.

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Some of the samples have been
preserved in round discs of
clear Lucite.

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People who have had special
training take those samples

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to classrooms and museums so
many other people can see

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what these special lunar rocks
look like.

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A few museums have their own
moon rock on display.

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So you can visit a museum and
see a real moon rock in person!

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The Lunar rock samples brought
back from the moon

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40 years ago still provide
meaningful data

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to scientists all over the
world.

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They continue to teach us how
the rock cycle on the moon is

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similar in many ways to how
rocks change on earth...or even
other planets.

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So now you know how rocks grow
and change beneath our feet...

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thanks to the rock cycle!

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? [music] ?

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KIDS: Our World!