1 00:00:04,900 --> 00:00:10,900 [upbeat music] 2 00:00:12,533 --> 00:00:14,866 - "OUR WORLD." 3 00:00:14,866 --> 00:00:16,466 - WELCOME TO "OUR WORLD." 4 00:00:16,466 --> 00:00:17,866 I'M ORBY THE ORBITER, 5 00:00:17,866 --> 00:00:19,833 AND THIS IS MY FRIEND AMBER. 6 00:00:19,833 --> 00:00:21,366 FOLLOW US, AND YOU'LL HAVE A CHANCE 7 00:00:21,366 --> 00:00:23,133 TO LEARN ABOUT NASA'S ORBITERS 8 00:00:23,133 --> 00:00:26,233 AND SEE WHAT AMAZING THINGS THE SHUTTLE FLEET ACCOMPLISHED, 9 00:00:26,233 --> 00:00:27,633 JUST BECAUSE IT FLEW. 10 00:00:27,633 --> 00:00:29,700 FOR THREE DECADES, NASA SPACE SHUTTLES 11 00:00:29,700 --> 00:00:31,766 HAVE ROCKETED TO LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 12 00:00:31,766 --> 00:00:33,000 THE SHUTTLE WAS DIFFERENT 13 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:35,233 THAN ANY OTHER VEHICLE EVER BUILT. 14 00:00:35,233 --> 00:00:37,933 WHEN THE ENGINEERS WERE FIRST PLANNING THE SPACECRAFT, 15 00:00:37,933 --> 00:00:40,766 THEY WERE TOLD THEY NEEDED TO BUILD A TRUCK THAT COULD FLY. 16 00:00:40,766 --> 00:00:43,766 THE RESULT WAS AN AMAZING SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 17 00:00:43,766 --> 00:00:47,200 THAT WOULD CHANGE THE HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION FOREVER. 18 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:50,066 THE NAMES OF THE SHUTTLES EVEN HAD SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE. 19 00:00:50,066 --> 00:00:52,633 EACH OF THE SPACECRAFT WAS NAMED AFTER A SAILING SHIP 20 00:00:52,633 --> 00:00:55,033 THAT HAD PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN HISTORY: 21 00:00:55,033 --> 00:00:59,100 COLUMBIA, CHALLENGER, DISCOVERY, ATLANTIS, 22 00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:02,466 AND ENDEAVOUR, THE ONLY SHUTTLE TO BE NAMED BY STUDENTS. 23 00:01:02,466 --> 00:01:03,800 SPEAKING OF STUDENTS, 24 00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:05,966 HEY, AMBER, I'LL BET YOU HAVE LOTS OF QUESTIONS 25 00:01:05,966 --> 00:01:07,100 ABOUT THE SHUTTLE. 26 00:01:07,100 --> 00:01:08,533 - YOU BET I DO, ORBY. 27 00:01:08,533 --> 00:01:11,733 JUST HOW MANY TIMES HAVE THE SHUTTLES ACTUALLY LAUNCHED? 28 00:01:11,733 --> 00:01:13,600 - ALTOGETHER MY SISTER SHUTTLES 29 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:16,500 HAVE FLOWN 135 AMAZING MISSIONS 30 00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:19,533 AND HAVE TRAVELED OVER 826 MILLION KILOMETERS 31 00:01:19,533 --> 00:01:20,833 WHILE ORBITING EARTH. 32 00:01:20,833 --> 00:01:21,966 IF THOSE KILOMETERS 33 00:01:21,966 --> 00:01:23,566 WERE STRETCHED OUT IN A STRAIGHT LINE, 34 00:01:23,566 --> 00:01:26,500 THE SHUTTLES WOULD HAVE TRAVELED FARTHER THAN THE PLANET JUPITER. 35 00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:28,866 - WOW, THAT'S A LONG WAY. 36 00:01:28,866 --> 00:01:31,233 WHY WAS THE SHUTTLE BUILT, ANYWAY? 37 00:01:31,233 --> 00:01:33,133 - NASA NEEDED A LARGE SPACECRAFT 38 00:01:33,133 --> 00:01:34,633 THAT COULD CARRY HUGE SATELLITES, 39 00:01:34,633 --> 00:01:37,166 LIKE THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, TO SPACE. 40 00:01:37,166 --> 00:01:39,933 THEY ALSO HAD PLANS TO BUILD A NEW SPACE STATION. 41 00:01:39,933 --> 00:01:42,433 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION WOULD BE SO BIG, 42 00:01:42,433 --> 00:01:44,000 IT WOULD HAVE TO BE BUILT IN SPACE. 43 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:45,766 BUT EACH SHUTTLE ALSO CARRIED 44 00:01:45,766 --> 00:01:48,166 ANOTHER IMPORTANT CARGO: THE CREW. 45 00:01:48,166 --> 00:01:51,900 355 DIFFERENT ASTRONAUTS HAVE FLOWN ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE, 46 00:01:51,900 --> 00:01:53,066 AND SOME OF THOSE ASTRONAUTS 47 00:01:53,066 --> 00:01:54,800 FLEW ON SEVERAL DIFFERENT MISSIONS. 48 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:57,633 - WOW, THAT SOUNDS LIKE A BIG JOB. 49 00:01:57,633 --> 00:02:00,600 HOW BIG WAS THE SHUTTLE TO BE ABLE TO DO ALL THAT? 50 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:03,600 - TO DO ITS JOB, THE SHUTTLE HAD TO BE PRETTY BIG. 51 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:06,366 EACH ORBITER WAS ABOUT 37 METERS IN LENGTH. 52 00:02:06,366 --> 00:02:08,633 THAT'S JUST OVER THREE SCHOOL BUSES LONG. 53 00:02:08,633 --> 00:02:10,600 AND THE ORBITER ISN'T EVEN THE TALLEST PART 54 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:12,466 OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE SYSTEM. 55 00:02:12,466 --> 00:02:14,100 A SPACE SHUTTLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 56 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:16,400 IS ACTUALLY MADE UP OF THREE SEPARATE PIECES: 57 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:18,400 THE ORBITER, THE LARGE WHITE SECTION 58 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:21,133 THAT LOOKS LIKE A PLANE AND HOLDS THE CREW AND CARGO; 59 00:02:21,133 --> 00:02:24,000 THE EXTERNAL FUEL TANKS, BIG TANKS THAT HOLD 60 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:26,166 THE LIQUID OXYGEN AND LIQUID NITROGEN FUEL 61 00:02:26,166 --> 00:02:27,866 FOR THE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINES; 62 00:02:27,866 --> 00:02:29,733 AND THE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS, 63 00:02:29,733 --> 00:02:32,466 REUSABLE ROCKETS THAT PROVIDED THE MAIN THRUST 64 00:02:32,466 --> 00:02:34,866 NEEDED TO GET THE SHUTTLE OFF THE LAUNCHPAD. 65 00:02:34,866 --> 00:02:36,633 IF YOU'VE EVER SEEN THE STATUE OF LIBERTY, 66 00:02:36,633 --> 00:02:38,666 YOU KNOW JUST HOW TALL THE SHUTTLES ARE. 67 00:02:38,666 --> 00:02:40,166 - ONCE THE SHUTTLES WERE BUILT, 68 00:02:40,166 --> 00:02:41,966 DID THEY MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THEM? 69 00:02:41,966 --> 00:02:44,933 JUST LIKE YOU MIGHT UPGRADE YOUR COMPUTER OR CELL PHONE, 70 00:02:44,933 --> 00:02:47,966 THE SHUTTLES GOT UPGRADES AND REPAIRS OVER THE YEARS. 71 00:02:47,966 --> 00:02:49,900 YOU MAY KNOW THAT TWO OF NASA'S SHUTTLES, 72 00:02:49,900 --> 00:02:52,366 CHALLENGER AND COLUMBIA, AND THEIR CREWS 73 00:02:52,366 --> 00:02:54,033 WERE LOST IN TRAGIC ACCIDENTS. 74 00:02:54,033 --> 00:02:57,933 BUT THE COURAGE OF THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN ABOARD THOSE CREWS 75 00:02:57,933 --> 00:03:00,700 SERVED AS AN INSPIRATION TO CONTINUE THE PROGRAM, 76 00:03:00,700 --> 00:03:02,266 BUILDING ON THE LESSONS LEARNED 77 00:03:02,266 --> 00:03:03,866 FROM EACH AND EVERY SHUTTLE FLIGHT 78 00:03:03,866 --> 00:03:06,366 TO MAKE SURE THE ASTRONAUTS WERE AS SAFE AS POSSIBLE 79 00:03:06,366 --> 00:03:08,166 AS THEY CARRIED OUT THEIR MISSIONS. 80 00:03:08,166 --> 00:03:11,033 ONE UPGRADE WE SAW WAS A DRAG CHUTE ADDED 81 00:03:11,033 --> 00:03:12,666 WHEN THE YOUNGEST ORBITER, ENDEAVOUR, 82 00:03:12,666 --> 00:03:15,300 WAS BUILT TO TAKE THE PLACE OF CHALLENGER. 83 00:03:15,300 --> 00:03:16,733 LET'S TALK TO RICHARD JONES, 84 00:03:16,733 --> 00:03:18,566 A SHUTTLE FLIGHT DIRECTOR AT NASA, 85 00:03:18,566 --> 00:03:20,566 WHO CAN TELL US ABOUT THESE PARACHUTES. 86 00:03:20,566 --> 00:03:22,966 - WHEN THE PILOTS WERE APPLYING BRAKE PRESSURE 87 00:03:22,966 --> 00:03:24,300 TO STOP THE ORBITER, 88 00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:26,266 IT WAS HEATING UP THOSE BRAKES A LOT. 89 00:03:26,266 --> 00:03:29,633 AND SO ENGINEERS DECIDED, "YOU KNOW, THERE'S A BETTER WAY 90 00:03:29,633 --> 00:03:32,733 "TO KIND OF MAKE IT A LITTLE BIT MORE SIMPLE 91 00:03:32,733 --> 00:03:34,466 FOR THE CREW TO STOP," 92 00:03:34,466 --> 00:03:36,833 SO THEY PUT A PARACHUTE ON THE BACK OF THE SHUTTLE. 93 00:03:36,833 --> 00:03:38,700 INITIALLY THERE'S A DROGUE CHUTE, 94 00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:40,300 OR A PILOT CHUTE, THAT COMES OUT, 95 00:03:40,300 --> 00:03:43,100 AND THEN IT YANKS A BIGGER PARACHUTE OUT OF IT, 96 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:46,533 AND THAT PARACHUTE REALLY TOOK SOME OF THE STRESS 97 00:03:46,533 --> 00:03:48,733 THAT THE CREW WAS PUTTING ON THE BRAKES, 98 00:03:48,733 --> 00:03:51,633 AND THAT ALLOWED THE SHUTTLE TO STOP 99 00:03:51,633 --> 00:03:54,566 IN THE SAME AMOUNT OF DISTANCE BUT WITH LESS BRAKE PRESSURE. 100 00:03:54,566 --> 00:03:57,700 NOW, THAT'S A SAFETY IMPROVEMENT. 101 00:03:57,700 --> 00:04:02,466 YOU KNOW, YOU DON'T HAVE TO, YOU KNOW, RELY HEAVILY 102 00:04:02,466 --> 00:04:05,566 ON ONE SINGLE SYSTEM TO DO SOMETHING AS IMPORTANT 103 00:04:05,566 --> 00:04:06,866 AS STOP ON THE RUNWAY. 104 00:04:06,866 --> 00:04:08,900 I MEAN, STOPPING ON THE RUNWAY IS IMPORTANT. 105 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:11,400 YOU DON'T WANT TO STOP SOMEWHERE WHERE YOU DON'T WANT TO BE. 106 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:13,533 - THE SHUTTLES HAVE FINISHED THEIR LAST FLIGHTS? 107 00:04:13,533 --> 00:04:15,400 WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN TO THEM NOW? 108 00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:16,766 - GREAT QUESTION, AMBER. 109 00:04:16,766 --> 00:04:19,133 NASA'S SPACE SHUTTLES ARE GOING TO HAVE NEW HOMES 110 00:04:19,133 --> 00:04:21,833 ALL OVER THE COUNTRY SO THEY CAN CONTINUE TO INSPIRE 111 00:04:21,833 --> 00:04:24,766 THE NEXT GENERATION OF EXPLORERS AND ENGINEERS. 112 00:04:24,766 --> 00:04:27,200 THE SHUTTLE ENTERPRISE, THE FIRST ORBITER BUILT 113 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,633 BUT NEVER ACTUALLY FLOWN IN SPACE, WILL BE MOVING 114 00:04:29,633 --> 00:04:31,800 FROM THE SMITHSONIAN'S AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM 115 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:34,733 TO A NEW HOME AT THE INTREPID SEA, AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM 116 00:04:34,733 --> 00:04:36,000 IN NEW YORK CITY. 117 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:37,466 SHUTTLE DISCOVERY WILL BE GOING 118 00:04:37,466 --> 00:04:40,400 TO THE SMITHSONIAN'S UDVAR-HAZY CENTER IN VIRGINIA. 119 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:41,700 ENDEAVOUR IS GOING 120 00:04:41,700 --> 00:04:44,433 TO THE CALIFORNIA SCIENCE CENTER IN LOS ANGELES. 121 00:04:44,433 --> 00:04:46,100 AND ATLANTIS WILL BE DISPLAYED 122 00:04:46,100 --> 00:04:49,433 AT THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER VISITOR COMPLEX IN FLORIDA. 123 00:04:49,433 --> 00:04:51,333 THE SHUTTLE PROGRAM HAS BEEN RETIRED, 124 00:04:51,333 --> 00:04:52,633 BUT NASA WILL CONTINUE 125 00:04:52,633 --> 00:04:54,400 TO BUILD ON THE SUCCESS OF THOSE FLIGHTS 126 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:56,766 AND HAS ALREADY BEGUN PLANNING WHAT'S NEXT. 127 00:04:56,766 --> 00:05:00,266 SO, AMBER, WE STILL HAVE A WHOLE UNIVERSE TO EXPLORE, 128 00:05:00,266 --> 00:05:02,766 AND THE SHUTTLES HAVE LOTS MORE THEY CAN TEACH US. 129 00:05:02,766 --> 00:05:04,500 I HOPE YOU GET A CHANCE TO GO VISIT 130 00:05:04,500 --> 00:05:06,600 ONE OF THE ORBITERS AT ITS NEW HOME. 131 00:05:06,600 --> 00:05:07,933 - THANKS, ORBY. 132 00:05:07,933 --> 00:05:09,700 AND WHEN I DO, YOU CAN BET 133 00:05:09,700 --> 00:05:12,433 I'LL THINK ABOUT ALL THE TIMES THE SHUTTLES FLEW, 134 00:05:12,433 --> 00:05:15,500 BOTH IN AND OUT OF OUR WORLD. 135 00:05:25,900 --> 00:05:27,900 - "OUR WORLD."